suggested citation: A. Lozano España, Algoritmos, Inteligencia Artificial y procesos electorales: riesgos para el pluralismo político y la integridad democrática, lceonline (www.lceonline.eu), 3/2025, II/Rubriche, p. 45 ss.
key words: artificial intelligence, digital platforms, electoral Integrity, algorithmic transparency, digital regulation
abstract: This article analyzes how digital platforms and search engines, driven by increasingly predictive algorithms and AI systems, are reshaping the public sphere and creating systemic risks for electoral integrity and political pluralism. It addresses phenomena such as disinformation, deepfakes, microtargeting, ideological profiling, and the reinforcement of filter bubbles and echo chambers, amplified by scrolling and recommendation dynamics on emerging platforms like TikTok. On the regulatory level, it examines European initiatives such as the Digital Services Act and the AI Act’s risk-based approach, which prohibits manipulative uses and strengthens content traceability. It also analyzes Spain’s Draft AI Law, which mandates the labeling of AI-generated content of public relevance, establishes reporting channels, and grants supervisory powers to the Central Electoral Board, as well as Italy’s new AI Law, aimed at ensuring algorithmic transparency, introducing new sanctions, and reinforcing legal frameworks.
